Word meaning of TEMPERAMENT (સામાન્ય સ્વભાવ, પ્રકૃતિ)
n The word "temperament" itself comes from Latin "temperare", "to mix".n A person’s nature with regard to effect it has on their behavior.
n The adjustment of intervals in tuning a piano or other musical instrument so as to fit the scale for use in different keys.
HISTORY OF TEMPERAMENTT
n Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient four humors (body fluids) theory.
n Greek physician Hippocrates (460-370 BC) who developed it into a medical theory.
n He believed certain human moods, emotions and behaviors were caused by body fluids (called "humors"): blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.
n Galen (AD 131-200) developed the first typology of temperament in his dissertation De temperamentis, and searched for physiological reasons for different behaviors in humans.
n He mapped them to a matrix of hot/cold and dry/wet taken from the Four Elements
n This is also related to the classical elements of air, water, earth, and fire; as sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic, and choleric, respectively.
n There could also be "balance" between the qualities, yielding a total of nine temperaments.
n These latter four were the temperamental categories Galen named "sanguine", "melancholic", "choleric" and "phlegmatic" after the bodily humors.
The Canon of Medicine, Avicenna (980-1037 AD)
n "Emotional aspects, mental capacity, moral attitudes, self-awareness, movements and dreams.
n In the ideal personality, the complementary characteristics or warm-cool and dry-moist were exquisitely balanced.
n In four less ideal types, one of the four qualities was dominant over all the others
May be possible:-
n There are four different temperaments of people represented by their dominant brain neurotransmitter:
n Melancholy/Dopamine.
n Choleric/Acetylcholine.
n Phlegmatic/GABA.
n Sanguine/Serotonin.
POSITIVE TEMPERAMENT AND NEGATIVE TEMPERAMENT ALSO PRESENT IN EACH AND EVERY INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY
Positive Attributes
|
Choleric |
Melancholic |
Phlegmatic |
Sanguine |
|
courageous |
Analytical |
Adaptable |
Amusing |
|
Ambitious |
Calm |
Balanced |
Animated |
|
Caring |
Calm |
Cheerful |
|
|
Capable |
Considerate |
Content |
Convincing |
|
Competitive |
Deep |
Consistent |
Delightful |
|
Detailed |
Dependable |
Demonstrative |
|
|
Daring |
Even-tempered |
Diplomatic |
Entertaining |
|
Decisive |
Helpful |
Friendly |
Extrovert |
|
Demanding |
Idealistic |
Helpful |
Gregarious |
|
Forceful |
Intuitive |
Inoffensive |
Imaginative |
|
Independent |
faithful |
Mediator |
Lively |
|
honest |
Organized |
Patient |
Optimistic |
|
Persuasive |
Perfectionist |
Peaceful |
Playful |
|
Resourceful |
Persistent |
Organized |
Popular |
|
Ruler |
Psychic |
Reserved |
Positive |
|
Self-assured |
Respectful |
Self-controlled |
Refreshing |
|
Self-reliant |
Self-sacrificing |
Shy |
Sociable |
|
B-willed |
Sensitive |
Steadfast |
Spirited |
|
obstinate |
Understanding |
Submissive |
Spontaneous |
|
|
Visionary |
Tolerant |
Talkative |
Negative Attributes
|
Choleric |
Meleancholic |
Phlegmatic |
Sanguine |
|
Angry |
Critical |
Afraid |
Careless |
|
Argumentative |
Depressed |
Dull |
Changeable |
|
Arrogant |
Detached |
Hesitant |
Dilettante |
|
Bossy |
hard |
Indecisive |
Disorganized |
|
Cold |
Fussy |
Indifferent |
Embroidering the truth |
|
Domineering |
Hypochondriacally |
Lazy |
Exaggerating |
|
honest |
Insecure |
Monotonous |
Flighty |
|
Introverted |
Nonchalant |
Forgetful |
|
|
Impatient |
recluse |
Over-compromising |
Haphazard |
|
Impulsive |
Masochistic |
Reluctant |
Inconsistent |
|
Intolerant |
Moody |
Self-righteous |
Interrupts |
|
Manipulative |
Negative |
Shy |
Repetitious |
|
Proud |
Pessimistic |
Slow |
Restless |
|
irritation |
offended |
Sluggish |
Scatterbrained |
|
cranky |
Sceptical |
Stubborn |
Seeks the limelight |
|
Stubborn |
Self-absorbed |
Timid |
Show-off |
|
rude |
Suspicious |
Uncreative |
Superficial |
|
authoritarian |
Touchy |
Unenthusiastic |
Undisciplined |
|
Unsympathetic |
Unforgiving |
Unmotivated |
Unpredictable |
|
Workaholic |
Withdrawn |
Worrier |
Unreliable |
